Application of fungicides in the cultivation site

In our country, there are no registered preparations to be applied in mushroom cultivation sites, so we will list the active materials that are registered in Western European countries and are used to protect mushrooms from diseases and can still be found on the Bulgarian market. Purpose of the measure:

Fungicides in mushroom production are applied to destroy and stop the appearance of pathogenic fungi from covering the compost with a cover until the last harvest of the crop. Therefore, their application is mandatory, regardless of which of the previously listed methods the cover was disinfected.

Time of implementation:

It is carried out preventively immediately before or after covering, in case of need, as a curative measure, until the last harvest. Here is a detailed description:

Method of implementation:

I. Preparations based on PROHLORAZA: Sporgon 50 WP, Octave, Sportak 45 EC, Mirage 45 EC

Pathogenic fungi that it removes: Mycogone perniciosa, Cladobotryum (Dactylium), Dendroides, Verticillium fungicola, Trichoderma spp. We recommend that the first treatment of the cover be with prohloraz (best with Sporgon). The dose and time of application depend on the production technology and the appearance of the disease.

1. If used once, then usually before covering or a few days (5-7) after covering. For pouring a surface of 100 m2 (500 briquettes) 100 liters to 180 liters of fungicide solution are required, depending on the humidity of the cover. Preparation of the solution for 100 m2 (500 briquettes): In 100 of 180 liters of water, dissolve 300 g of Sporgona, or 300 grams of Octave, or 375 ml of Sprtak, or 375 ml of Mirage.

2. if applied twice, the first treatment is done immediately before coating or 5-7 days after coating, and the second between the second and third waves. The application dose is the same in both treatments.

Preparation of the solution for 100 m2 (500 briquettes): In 100 liters of water, dissolve 120 g of Sporgona or 120 g of Octave, or 150 ml of Sportak, or 150 ml of Mirage.

3. If applied three times, the first treatment is done immediately before covering or 5-7 days after covering, and the dose for 100 m2 (500 briquettes) is as follows: dissolve 120 g of Sporgon, or 120 g of Octava, or 150 ml of Sportak, or 150 ml of Mirage in 100 liters of water. The second treatment is carried out between the first and second waves with a reduced application dose, namely for 100 m2 (500 briquettes) dissolve 60 g of Sporgon, or 60 g of Octava, or 75 ml of Sportak, or 75 ml of Mirage in 100 liters of water. The third treatment is carried out between the second and third waves with the same application dose as in the second treatment.

Note: Prohloraz is a fungicide, without which it is very difficult to imagine growing mushrooms, but care must be taken not to exceed the prescribed doses, because in large doses it can be toxic to the mycelium of mushrooms and can cause reduced yield. The maximum dose for a single application for Sporgon and Octav is 3 g/m2, and for Sportak and Mirage 3.7 ml/m2. With repeated application, the maximum dose for Sporgon and Octave is 2.4 g/m2, and for Sportak and Mirage 3 ml/m2.

II. Preparations based on BENOMIL: Benfungin, Benomyl WP, 50 Benlate Pathogenic fungi that it removes: Mycogone perniciosa, Cladobotryum (Dactylium, Dendroides, Trichoderma spp., partially Verticillium fungicola. Benomyl can be applied immediately before covering or a few days after covering (can be mixed with prochloraz) and between waves in case of disease (for example, if the disease appears, and in the first treatment the maximum dose of prochloraz was used, a good solution is treatment with benomyl, because it is less toxic to the mycelium of the mushrooms).

The application dose for 100 m2 (500 briquettes) in both cases is 240 g of any of the mentioned benomyl-based preparations, to be dissolved in 100 to 200 liters of water, depending on the humidity of the cover.

Note: Due to the ability of the pathogen to quickly become resistant to benomyl, we recommend it in combination with prochloraz, but not as a substitute for prochloraz.

III. Preparations based on KARBENDAZIM: Galofungin, Bavistin, Bavistin FL

Carbendazim and benomyl belong to the same group (benzimidazoles), their mechanism of action is almost the same, therefore the same applies to it as to benomyl, and the application dose for an area of ​​100 m2 (500 briquettes) is as follows:

250 ​​grams of any of the mentioned preparations based on carbendazim to be dissolved in 100 to 200 liters of water.

IV. Preparations based on CHLOROTALONILA: Dakoflo, Dakogal WP 75

Pathogenic fungi that it removes: Mycogone perniciosa, Verticillium fungicola.

Fungicides based on chlorotalonil can be applied seven days after coating. If necessary, repeat the treatment with the same dose, but only after 14 or more days from the first application, but in no case for fewer days.

For pouring (spraying) an area of ​​100 m2 (500 briquettes) you need to spend 100 to 200 liters of water and 220 ml of Dakofloa or 150 g of Dakogal.

Note: Chlorotalonil-based preparations are not mixed with other pesticides.

. Preparations based on CINEBA: Cineb S 65

Pathogenic fungi that it removes: Mycogone perniciosa, Cladobotryum ( Dactylium ), Dendroides

Cineb treatment is possible after coating, namely 50 g in 100 to 200 liters of water for an area of ​​100 m2, with the possibility of re-application between 1 and 2 or 2 and 3 waves with a quantity of 25 g per 100 m2.

Note: The action of cineb should be considered with caution, which is why we recommend it from time to time due to a possible reduction in the possibility of developing resistance to the previously mentioned fungicides. Cineb cannot be mixed with acidic preparations and EU formulations of acidic insecticides, such as dichlorvos.